ABSTRACT
El COVID-1 9 desencadenó una crisis económica sin precedentes y esta vez la reacción de la Unión Europea (UE) ha sido rápida y efectiva. Dada la magnitud del reto, el 21 de julio de 2020 el Consejo Europeo adoptó el llamado Next Generation EU (NGEU), un ambicioso programa de recuperación económica, dotado con 750.000 millones de euros, que se financia mediante deuda mutua a muy largo plazo emitida por la Unión Europea. Para acceder a estos fondos, cada uno de los países miembros presentaron su propio programa de recuperación y resiliencia (PRR). Este artículo analiza hasta qué punto el PRR aborda los retos a corto y largo plazo de la economía española, que ya existían antes del COVID-19 y que la crisis no ha hecho sino amplificar. Se discute el grado en que el PRR contribuye a la recuperación y a impulsar el crecimiento potencial en España.Alternate :COVID-19 triggered an unprecedented economic crisis and this time the reaction of the European Union (EU) has been swift and effective. Given the magnitude of the challenge, on July 21, 2020, the Council adopted the so-called Next Generation EU (NGEU), an ambitious economic recovery program, endowed with €750 billion, which is financed by very long-term mutual debt issued by the European Union. To access these funds, each member country submitted its own Recovery and Resilience Program (RRP). This article analyzes the extent to which the RRP addresses the short- and long-term challenges of the Spanish economy, which already existed before COVID-19 and which the crisis has only amplified. It discusses the extent to which the RRP contributes to the recovery and to boosting potential growth in Spain.
ABSTRACT
Interferon lambda 4 (IFNλ4) has shown antiviral activity against RNA viruses, including some coronaviruses. Besides, genetic variants of IFNL4 can be predictive of the clearance of RNA viruses. However, little is known about the effect of these genetic variants on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we investigated whether there was a relationship of the rs12979860 polymorphism of IFNL4 with COVID-19. We found that the T allele of rs12979860 was overexpressed in COVID-19 patients with regard to the general population without this disease (36.16% vs. 26.40%, p = 6.4 × 10-4; OR 0.633 C vs T; 95% CI 0.487, 0.824), suggesting that this allele could be a risk factor for COVID-19. Accordingly, the CC genotype was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (37.85% vs. 55.51%, p = 8 × 10-5; OR 0.488; 95% CI 0.342, 0.698). These results were not affected by sex, age, and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that, like other infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses, genetic variants of IFNL4 can predispose to COVID-19. Confirmation of our results may contribute to better understanding the mechanisms of this disease.